Changes in Dietary Patterns through a Nutritional Intervention with a Traditional Atlantic Diet: The Galiat Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Unhealthy dietary patterns (DPs) can lead to cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. We assessed the effects of a community-focused intervention with a traditional Atlantic diet on changes in DPs in families and the associations of these changes with weight loss. The Galiat study is a randomized, controlled trial conducted in 250 families (720 adults and children) and performed at a primary care setting with the cooperation of multiple society sectors. Over 6 months, families randomized to the intervention group received educational sessions, cooking classes, written supporting material, and foods that form part of the Atlantic diet, whereas those randomized to the control group followed their habitual lifestyle. At baseline, five DPs that explained 30.1% of variance were identified: "Caloric", "Frieds", "Fruits, vegetables, and dairy products", "Alcohol", and "Fish and boiled meals." Compared to the controls, the intervention group showed significant improvements in "Fruits, vegetables, and dairy products" and "Fish and boiled meals" and reductions in the "Caloric" and "Frieds". Changes in bodyweight per unit increment of "Frieds" and "Fruits, vegetables, and dairy products" scores were 0.240 kg (95% CI, 0.050-0.429) and -0.184 kg (95% CI, -0.379-0.012), respectively. We found that a culturally appropriate diet improved DPs associated with weight loss.