Massive Release of CD9+ Microvesicles in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Regardless of Virologic Control
Poveda López, Eva; Tabernilla García, Andres; Fitzgerald, Wendy; Salgado Barreira, Angel; Grandal Fustes, Marta; Perez Gonzalez, Alexandre; Mariño Callejo, Ana Isabel; Álvarez Díaz, Hortensia; Valcarcel García, María Ángeles; González-García, Juan; Bernardino, José Ignacio; Gutierrez, Félix; Fujioka, Hisashi; Crespo, Manuel; Ruiz-Mateos, Ezequiel; Margolis, Leonid; Lederman, Michael M; Freeman, Michael L

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Fecha de publicación
2022-03-15Título de revista
The Journal of infectious diseases
Tipo de contenido
Artigo
DeCS
enfermedades transmisibles | viremia | mitocondrias | infecciones por VIH | humanos | ADN | micropartículas derivadas de células | citosolMeSH
HIV Infections | Viremia | Communicable Diseases | Mitochondria | Spain | Cell-Derived Microparticles | Extracellular Vesicles | DNA | Humans | CytosolResumen
The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pathogenesis is unknown. We examine the cellular origin of plasma microvesicles (MVs), a type of ectocytosis-derived EV, the presence of mitochondria in MVs, and their relationship to circulating cell-free mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (ccf-mtDNA) in HIV-infected patients and controls.
Five participant groups were defined: 30 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive; 30 ART-treated with nondetectable viremia; 30 elite controllers; 30 viremic controllers; and 30 HIV-uninfected controls. Microvesicles were quantified and characterized from plasma samples by flow cytometry. MitoTrackerDeepRed identified MVs containing mitochondria and ccf-mtDNA was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Microvesicle numbers were expanded at least 10-fold in all HIV-infected groups compared with controls. More than 79% were platelet-derived MVs. Proportions of MVs containing mitochondria (22.3% vs 41.6%) and MV mitochondrial density (706 vs 1346) were significantly lower among HIV-infected subjects than controls, lowest levels for those on ART. Microvesicle numbers correlated with ccf-mtDNA levels that were higher among HIV-infected patients.
A massive release of platelet-derived MVs occurs during HIV infection. Some MVs contain mitochondria, but their proportion and mitochondrial densities were lower in HIV infection than in controls. Platelet-derived MVs may be biomarkers of platelet activation, possibly reflecting pathogenesis even in absence of HIV replication.
